2013年全国研究生入学考试 (海天半岛在线注册纠错版)
英语一试题
Section IUse of English
Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering backgroundinformation when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seemlike a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by_2_ factors. But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big_3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples ofinformation they were working with. _4_, he theorised that a judge _5_ ofappearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison__7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forcedcommunity service on that day。
To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to theuniversity-admissions process. In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant shouldnot depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the sameday, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____。
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one tofive. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were _15_used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardised examwhich is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him orher。
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in adaily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of theone _17__ that, then the score for the next applicant would_18_ by an averageof 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to_19_the effects of such adecrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise havebeen _20__。
1. A grants B submits C transmits Ddilivers
2. A minor B external C crucial Dobjective
3. A issue B vision C picture Dmoment
4. A Above all B On average C Inprinciple D For example
5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless
6. A in B for C toD on
7. A if B until Cthough D unless
8. A. testB.emphasize C.share D.promote
9. A.decisionB.quality C.status D.success
10. A.foundB.studied C.chosen D.identified
11. A.otherwiseB.defensible C.replaceable D.exceptional
12. A. inspired B.expressed C. conducted D. secured
13. A. assigned B.rated C. matched D. arranged
14. A. put B. gotC. took D. gave
15. A. instead B.then C. ever D. rather
16. A. selected B.passed C. marked D. introduced
17. A below B afterC above D before
18. A jump B floatC fluctuate D drop
19. A achieve Bundo C maintain D disregard
20. A necessary Bpossible C promising D helpful
Section II ReadingComprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following fourtexts. Answer thequestions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The DevilWears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractiveassistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explainshow the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the yearsfrom fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which thepoor girl doubtless found her garment。
This top-down conception of the fashionbusiness couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish woulddescribed in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fastfashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowedmass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends morequickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean lesswasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labelsencourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to lastonly a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew theirwardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industrylong accustomed to a seasonal pace。
The victims of this revolution , ofcourse ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knitminiskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely onlow-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, anduse massive amounts of harmful chemicals。
Overdressed is the fashion world’sanswer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma。“Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet isnon-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how muchthey give away, this excess leads to waste。
Towards the end of Overdressed, Clineintroduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is thefirst to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’tbe knocked off。
Though several fast-fashion companieshave made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – includingH&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lastingchange can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism commonto many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is aconstant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’tafford not to。
21. Priestly criticizes her assistantfor her
[A] poor bargaining skill。
[B] insensitivity to fashion。
[C] obsession with high fashion。
[D] lack of imagination。
22. According to Cline, mass-maketlabels urge consumers to
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